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* Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire

Notes

References

* The concept is covered under the section The era of Modern Reform:Tanzimat at "History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey" by Stanford J. Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw.
*Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print
*https://tr.boell.org/en/2019/08/22/nationalism-turkey-roots-and-contemporary-answers

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