The presence of extant heterotrophic lineages makes Paulinella a valuable model for unravelling early stages of primary endosymbiosis event and studying the post symbiotic genome evolution of both the plastid and the host.

Physiology

Paulinella show both a very slow growth rate and sensitivity to light, divide every 6-7 days, and prefer low light conditions, probably as a protection against oxidative stress and other light related stress as it doesn't have the same degree of photoprotection

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