(words like cah, lici, lukath) and English (words like jajj, apil, mastar), though these influences have been minor in comparison to Persian and Arabic. In fact, the sounds // (?? / ), // (?? / ), // (?? / ), // (?? / ), // (?? / ) and // (?? / ) are all borrowed from Persian, but in some instances the latter three arise natively. Later, the letters ?? / , ?? / and ?? / began being used in English borrowings, with ?? / also used in Sanskrit borrowings.

Punjabi