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in "Yellow Submarine": "We all live in a..."). According to the musicologists Ralf von Appen and Markus Frei-Hauenschild:

In German, the term "Refrain" is used synonymously with "chorus" when referring to a chorus within the verse/chorus form. At least one English-language author, Richard Middleton, uses the term in the same way.In English usage, however, the term, "refrain" typically refers to what in German is more precisely called the "Refrainzeile" (refrain line): a lyric at the beginning or end of a section that is repeated in every iteration. In this usage, the refrain does not constitute a discrete, independent section within the form.

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