produces both open, potentially out-crossed and closed, obligately self-pollinated cleistogamous flowers.

Example species

The evolutionary shift from outcrossing to self-fertilization is one of the most common evolutionary transitions in plants. About 10-15% of flowering plants are predominantly self-fertilizing. A few well-studied examples of self-pollinating species are described below.

Orchids

Self-pollination in the slipper orchid Paphiopedilum parishii occurs

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