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<p>Following the Buddha, Santideva believed that our innate investment in an inherent, personal, self or essence is not only groundless but toxic. Goodman suggests that Santideva also touches on the problem of <a href="page.php?w=free_will">free will</a> in the Bodhicaryavatara, writing that "whatever transgressions (aparadha) and vile actions (papa) there are, all arise through the power of conditioning factors, while there is nothing that arises independently."</p>

<p><big>Ethical views</big></p>
<p>In line with his views on personal identity and the</p><p>
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