scholars. Giving the harsh penal Shang Yang his own individual chapter, if anything Sima Qian was probably opposed to his combination with any of the others.

Although a modern Sinologist might consider a historical usage of the categories revisionist, to its credit, the Book of Han only presents their groupings as theoretical; Feng Youlan chose to take it as a legitimate attempt at historical theory. Emphasizing philosophical differences with the Confucians, Sinologist