about 2,000 km³ and 2,200 km³ flow in and out of the White Sea, respectively. The inflow of fresh water in spring decreases the surface salinity in the top 5-10-metre layer to 23? (parts per thousand) in the eastern and 26-27? in the western parts of the sea, reaching 10-12? in Dvina Bay; it also increases the content of silicon and silicates in water, which is a characteristic feature of the White Sea.

Storms are the strongest in October-November.