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<p>other molecular biology tools.</p>

<p>Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps<br/>
# fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA<br/>
# <a href="page.php?w=DNA_ligase">ligation</a> - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence<br/>
# <a href="page.php?w=Transformation_%28bacteria%29">Transformation</a> - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells<br/>
# screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA</p>

<p>Although these steps are invariable among cloning</p><p>
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