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The idea of a walled enclosure was not preserved in most Iranian usage, and generally came to refer to a plantation or other cultivated area, not necessarily walled. For example, the Old Iranian word survives as Pardis in New Persian as well as its derivative paliz (or "jaliz"), which denotes a vegetable patch.

Biblical

Hebrew Bible

thumbThe Hebrew word pardes appears only in the post-Exilic period (after 538 BCE); it occurs in the Song of Songs

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