required for basic thylakoid membrane formation, but not for the assembly of protein complexes of the thylakoid membrane. It is conserved in all organisms containing thylakoids, including cyanobacteria, green algae, such as Chlamydomonas, and higher plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana.

Isolation and fractionation

Thylakoids can be purified from plant cells using a combination of differential and gradient centrifugation.

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