of South Africa, belonging to the basal family Charassognathidae. Fossils of Permian cynodonts are relatively rare outside of South Africa, with the most widely distributed genus being Procynosuchus, which is known from South Africa, Germany, Tanzania, Zambia, and possibly Russia.

Cynodonts expanded rapidly in diversity after the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Peak disparity in cynodonts occurred