polluted than the other rivers that drain the city center despite the city's expansion toward Bagamoyo.

Msimbazi River

The Msimbazi River is around 35 kilometers long. It travels through the Pugu Forest Reserves and joins the Sinza, Ubungo, and Luhanga rivers as it flows eastward toward the Indian Ocean. For residents of Dar es Salaam and surrounding areas, it is a crucial source of water for drinking, bathing, supporting industry, agriculture, and environmental protection. However, illegal sewage systems and industrial effluents

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