the same distinctions but with different terminology, instead calling each definition a "hypothesis" ???????? and each common notion an "axiom" ????u?. The second group consists of propositions, presented alongside mathematical proofs and diagrams. It is unknown whether Euclid intended the Elements as a textbook, despite its wide subsequent use as one. As a whole, the authorial voice remains general and impersonal.

Books I to VI: Plane geometry