known from a single 14 million-year-old specimen from Nevada.

The close relatives of modern honey bees--e.g., bumblebees and stingless bees--are also social to some degree, and social behavior is considered to be a trait that predates the origin of the genus. Among the extant members of Apis, the more basal species make single, exposed combs, while the more recently evolved species nest in cavities and have multiple