of 892 million agricultural workers worldwide.

The expansion of agriculture has fundamentally transformed land-use patterns across the planet over the centuries. In the twenty-first century, between 2001 and 2023, global agricultural area decreased by 78 million hectares (Mha) (-2%), with cropland area increasing by 78 Mha and permanent meadows and pastures decreasing by 151 Mha. These changes exhibit significant regional variations. Sub-Saharan Africa witnessed cropland expansion of 69 Mha