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called perturb and observe (P&O) and is most common, although this method can cause power output to oscillate. It is also referred to as a hill climbing method, because it depends on the rise of the curve of power against voltage below the maximum power point, and the fall above that point. Perturb and observe is the most commonly used method due to its ease of implementation. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm adjusts the operating voltage of a photovoltaic (PV) system to track the maximum power point

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