himself or a historical proto-Jain ascetic of the Sramana tradition upon whom the Neminatha narrative was later built.

The Jain traditions about Neminatha are incorporated in the Harivamsa Purana of Jinasena. A palm leaf manuscript on the life of Neminatha, named Neminatha-Charitra, was written in 1198-1142 AD. It is now preserved in Shantinatha Bhandara, Khambhat. The incident where Neminatha is depicted as blowing Krishna's mighty conch is given in Kalpa Sutra.