??, ?? ??, ?? ??. The digraphs ?? ??, ?? ?? were added in the same year. In 1944 the digraphs ?? ??, ?? ?? were excluded from the alphabet.

The last reform of the Nogai writing took place in 1960, when, as a result of discussions at the Karachay-Cherkessia Research Institute, Language and Literature, the letters ?? ?? and ? ? were added to it. After that, the Nogai alphabet took its present form.

References

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