the Slovenes and , as well as the Bulgarian Grigor Parlichev - all based on the idea of combining Old Church Slavonic with elements from the modern South Slavic languages.

All authors mentioned above were motivated by the belief that all Slavic languages were dialects of one single Slavic language rather than separate languages. They deplored the fact that these dialects had diverged beyond mutual comprehensibility, and the Pan-Slavic language they envisioned