the last 20 years is eight times the rate of warming over the last 100 years." In September 2012, sea ice reached its smallest size ever. Journalist John Vidal stated that sea ice is "700,000 sq km below the previous minimum of 4.17m sq km set in 2007". In August 2013, Arctic sea ice extent averaged 6.09m km², which represents 1.13 million km² below the 1981-2010 average for that month.

Mars

In addition to Earth, the planet Mars also has polar ice caps. They consist of

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