the number of seats in the House of Commons that is equal to its portion of Canada's population. Where the election system used is not proportional as to parties, such as first-past-the-post voting, the House of Commons may still exhibit degree of disproportionality as to party representation, even if each province has its fair share of seats.

Representation by area or political unit (not population)

This form of representation tends to occur as a political necessity for unifying

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