were nominated as trustees and they appointed a clerk, a treasurer and a surveyor to actually administer and maintain the highway. These officers were paid by the trust. Trustees were not paid, though they derived indirect benefits from the better transport, which improved access to markets and led to increases in rental income and trade.

The first action of a new trust was to erect turnpike gates at which a fixed toll was charged. The act gave a maximum toll allowable for each class of vehicle or animal - for instance one shilling and