the intermarriage with women of Chinese and Shan descent. Daly also commented that the Panthay muleteers were well-armed.

The Wa-Panthay War

In the first fifty years of their presence in Wa territory the Hui Muslim settlers had gradually extended their influence from their base at Panlon over their Wa neighbours. Panlon became the most powerful community in the Wa States and this growth in power and prestige allowed the Panthay settlement to enjoy a great measure

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