1.Previous
3.Next

avoid a schism, Oxford's A Dictionary of Popes (2010) considers he "...is classified, unfairly, as an antipope", an opinion historian Salvador Miranda also shares.

Those with asterisks (*) were counted in subsequent papal numbering.

Quasi-cardinal-nephews (many more cardinal-nephews proper)

Many antipopes created cardinals, known as quasi-cardinals, and a few created cardinal-nephews,

1.Previous
3.Next