this evidence of a disorder?" Bartlett and colleagues (2000) note that the problem in determining distress is aggravated in GID cases because it is often unclear whether a child's distress is due to gender variance or secondary effects (e.g., ostracization or stigmatization). Hill et al. (2007) suggest, "a less controversial approach, respectful of increasing gender freedom in our culture and sympathetic to a child's struggle with gender, would be more humane."

Numerous studies have found that LGBTQ+ students experience higher rates of