The species that are present in concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrogen fluoride have not all been characterized; in addition to which is known the formation of other polymeric species, , is highly likely.

The Hammett acidity function, H₀, for 100% HF was first reported as -10.2, while later compilations show -11, comparable to values near -12 for pure sulfuric acid.

Acidity

Unlike other hydrohalic acids,

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