is ongoing debate about how widely they apply and how they interact with classical gradient-based models. As a result, current understanding of morphogen signaling reflects a combination of well-established principles and emerging models.

Genes and signals

A morphogen spreads from a localized source and forms a concentration gradient across a developing tissue. In developmental biology, 'morphogen' is rigorously used to mean a signalling molecule that acts directly on cells (not through serial induction) to produce specific

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