for Melville, really the
: "[masquerade in kingly weeds of] a wild egoism, anarchic, irresponsible, and destructive."

Although never directly stated, Emerson's "Self-Reliance" has religious influences tied into the values and beliefs presented. Critics argue that Emerson believes the Universe is not complete without "The Spirit". Without some form of spirituality or religious tendencies, society and the universe "is sad, hopeless, and largely meaningless."In his work, the transcendentalist argues that no person, specifically individuals