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beginning of a word. Elidable hamza drops out as a vowel, if a word is preceding it. This word will then produce an ending vowel, "helping vowel" to facilitate pronunciation. This short vowel may be, depending on the preceding vowel, a ' (????: ? ), pronounced as ; a ' (????: ? ), pronounced as ; or a ' (???: ? ), pronounced as . If the preceding word ends in a ' ????, meaning that it is not followed by a short vowel, the ' assumes a ' . The symbol ?

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