to rising tensions over wealth, commerce, and political influence. Survivors fled the Sulu mainland, with a significant group seeking refuge in Taguima (Basilan), where they settled among local Tagimaha communities. This migration created a second wave of Cham-linked settlement in Basilan, reinforcing existing trade networks, cultural exchange, and demographic ties between Champa-origin groups and indigenous Tagimaha society.

By the 10th to 13th centuries, Islamic influence in the Sulu Archipelago and Basilan expanded through Muslim merchants