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L1-2 caches, AAT = 1 ns + (0.1 × [5 ns + (0.01 × 50 ns)]) = 1.55 ns
* L1-3 caches, AAT = 1 ns + (0.1 × [5 ns + (0.01 × [10 ns + (0.002 × 50 ns)])]) = 1.5101 ns

Disadvantages

* Cache memory comes at an increased marginal cost than main memory and thus can increase the cost of the overall system.
* Cached data is stored only so long as power is provided to the cache.
* Increased on-chip area required for memory system.

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