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the Fermi-Dirac distribution function can be written as: The band theory of metals was initially developed by Sommerfeld, from 1927 onwards, who focused on the underlying thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Confusingly, in some contexts the band-referenced quantity ? may be called the Fermi level, chemical potential, or electrochemical potential, leading to ambiguity with the globally-referenced Fermi level.In this article, the terms conduction-band

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