chili peppers were grown. The first horticulturists in many cultures were mainly or exclusively women.

Historical uses for plants in horticulture

In addition to plants' medicinal and nutritional value, plants have also been grown for their beauty, to impress and to demonstrate power, knowledge, status and even wealth of those in control of the cultivated plant material. This symbolic power that plants hold has existed even before the beginnings of their cultivation.

There is evidence that various gardens maintained

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