was severely limited and restricted to chairing the sixteen-member Privy Council (riksrådet), where the king had two votes and the casting vote in the event of a tie. The king could not dismiss the councillors, and they could easily outvote him. However, in addition to his constitutional role, the king continued to play a strong symbolic role as the official representative of the state and as the formal guarantor of the independence of the government.

Spain

After the 1931 Spanish local elections,

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