In 1941 Agartala had a population of 17,693. By 1991 the population had risen to 157,358.

Bengali, the official state language, is the dominant language in Agartala spoken by 90.84% of the population, while English is also a popular language in the state; Kokborok, another official language, is spoken by 4.05% in the city. Hindi and Meitei are spoken by 2.36% and 0.83%, respectively.