had four hundred characters different from the Lu version--from which the received text is mostly based--and it seriously differed from the Lu version in 27 places. Of these twenty-seven differences, the received text only agrees with the old text version in two places.

Over a century later, , the tutor of the Analects to Emperor Cheng of Han, , synthesized the Lu and Qi versions by taking the Lu version as authoritative and selectively adding sections from the Qi version, and produced a composite