to make four ATP, and two NADH are also produced during the pay-off phase. The overall reaction can be expressed this way:

:Glucose + 2 NAD⁺ + 2 P_i + 2 ADP -> 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H⁺ + 2 H₂O + energy

Starting with glucose, 1 ATP is used to donate a phosphate to glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate. Glycogen can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate as well with the help of glycogen phosphorylase.

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