have been shown to have the same level of difficulty but considerably lower g loadings than many tests that involve reasoning.

History

Spearman's early research

Spearman's research on intelligence originated from his research on measurement. He studied Francis Galton's theories of intelligence and was intriuged by why Galton failed to find associations between different performance metrics and common indicators of intelligence. Spearman posited that the tests Galton used contained substantial measurement error

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