are marked as pairs of brackets. In a pseudoknot-free structure, this results in a neat stack of balanced brackets. Pseudoknots can be represented appear as different types of brackets. Each character of the dot-bracket string describes one base, hence it should have the same length as the nucleic acid.

Another way to represent a single structure as a string of the same width of the nucleic acid sequence is called BEAR.

The pairing of bases can also be viewed two-dimensionally as a square-matrix

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