Ryan Jarvis provides a critical analysis of these acts. He highlights that the laws have been criticised for being outdated and not adequately addressing contemporary issues related to information technology and modern espionage. Jarvis points out the lack of a 'public interest' defence in the current legislation, which has been a significant point of contention among legal experts, media, and public advocacy groups.

According to Jarvis, the current framework allows the government to wield the OSA in a manner that can prevent politically