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with the caliphate being abolished in 1031, and most of what is now Portugal falling under the Taifa of Badajoz. These were conquered by the Almoravids, who were in turn conquered by the Almohads. Northern incursions also occurred during this period, with Viking raids recorded from 844 into the 11th century.

Reconquista and independence

The [[Reconquista]] was a series of military

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