(*ed- 'to eat', *ag- 'to drive', *od- 'to smell'). Laryngeal theory can explain this behaviour by reconstructing a laryngeal following the vowel (*dheh1-, , *deh3-, resulting in a long vowel) or preceding it (*h1ed-, , , resulting in a short vowel). These reconstructions obey the mentioned rules.

Sonority hierarchy

When the onset or coda of a root contains a consonant cluster, the consonants in this cluster must be ordered according to their sonority.

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