(or isochoric) and denoted $c_V$ .

The value of is always less than the value of for all fluids. This difference is particularly notable in gases where values under constant pressure are typically 30% to 66.7% greater than those at constant volume. Hence the heat capacity ratio of gases is typically between 1.3 and 1.67.

Applicability

The specific heat capacity can be defined and measured for gases, liquids, and solids of fairly general composition and molecular

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