and bromocresol green are common indicators.

Theoretical treatment

In typical groundwater or seawater, the measured total alkalinity is set equal to:

: A_T = []_T + 2[]_T + []_T + [OH^-]_T + 2[]_T + []_T + []_T - [H⁺]_sws - []

(Subscript T indicates the total concentration of the species