sand. Furthermore, another specialized crucible which was made at the same time was that of a graphite crucible from southern Germany. These had a very similar design to that of the triangular crucibles from Hesse but they also occur in conical forms. These crucibles were traded all across Europe and the New World.

The refining of methods during the medieval and post-medieval periods led to the invention of the cupel which resembles a small egg cup, made of ceramic or bone ash which was used to separate