These are generally located at the Z lines so that they form grooves, and transverse tubules emanate. In cardiac myocytes, this forms a scalloped surface.

The cytoskeleton is what the rest of the cell builds off of and has two primary purposes: the first is to stabilize the topography of the intracellular components, and the second is to help control the size and shape of the cell. While the first function is important for biochemical processes, the latter is crucial in defining the surface-to-volume ratio of the cell. This heavily influences