are phylogenetically related as follows:

Subdivision

Pteridophytes consist of two separate but related classes, whose nomenclature has varied. The system put forward by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group in 2016, PPG I, is:
* Class Lycopodiopsida Bartl. - lycophytes: clubmosses, quillworts and spikemosses; 3 extant orders
::*Order Lycopodiales

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