electrons from other molecules, causing those molecules to become oxidized. This shifts the balance of redox reactions in cells, inducing oxidative stress when ROS levels are high, leading to cellular damage.

Developmental processes such as rapid cell division, cell differentiation into different types, and apoptosis rely on pathways that involve communication between cells through a process called signal transduction. These pathways' proper functioning is highly dependent on a certain class of reactions called redox reactions; many of