initialization vectors (SIV) synthesize an internal IV by running a pseudo-random function (PRF) construction called S2V on the input (additional data and plaintext), preventing any external data from directly controlling the IV. External nonces / IV may be fed into S2V as an additional data field.
* AES-GCM-SIVs synthesize an internal IV by running POLYVAL Galois mode of authentication on input (additional data and plaintext), followed by an AES operation.

Padding

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